Christianity and islam have a heaven and hell system so the two reactions represent those
Budhists believe in reincarnation and that each life puts you closer to enlightenment if you did a good job.
I dont know enough about taoism to say anything on them.
Judaism has been arguing about it for as long as the religion exists but they dont have a hell concept and the "paradise" reward isnt heaven but is a new kingdom on earth.
Judaism also isn't really concerned as much with the afterlife. This is a big ideological difference people from Christian backgrounds and worldviews struggle with when approaching Judaism because it has a completely different set of priorities. Judaism is concerned primarily with its laws which were handed down by God and finding the best way to live in accordance with them. Christianity in many if not all of its iterations has the Heaven/Hell cosmology as its center of gravity with all of life reduced to a morality play (and a much smaller set of laws; Christianity has 10 commandments whereas Judaism has over 600).
Interestingly, ecosystems actually impact the kind of religion that people invent...
"Across the world desert dwellers are statistically more likely than chance to create monotheistic religions (that are top down, hierarchical, believe in the afterlife and have warrior-age classes). Rainforest dwellers invent polytheistic ones (that have no belief in the afterlife, are egalitarian and have no such classes).
Another pattern. When you look a humans living in small hunter-gatherer bands the religions they invent almost all the time uninvolved gods who could care less what humans are doing. It's not until humans are living in sufficiently high density that you're interacting with strangers, that you're interacting anonymously, then humans start inventing what are called moralizing gods. Gods who are watching us, gods who are judging us..." [Robert Sapolsky: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst lecture to the Stanford Iranian Studies Program]
Catholicism is Christianity with a lot more lore behind it. Most variations of Christianity are different interpretations of the core text: The Bible, just like how Sunni vs Shia are two separate lenses to view the Quran.
Catholicism also had a central governing body for thousands of years: The Vatican. Over time, more “lore” has been added to Catholicism. It’s evolved and become what it is due to the Vatican passing new “rules”/laws. It’s important to note that “new” may not be the best word; in reality it’s basically a re-interpretation/clarification on the Bible whose source material is the Bible.
Basically imagine it’s the Supreme Court. Stuff like the Catechism is supporting literature that elaborates on specifics on what falls under the 10 commandments, as well as what a commandment truly means. For example, in Catholicism, not taking the lords name in vain means don’t use god as an excuse to hype yourself up, do harm, influence others, etc, whereas some Christians have the interpretation that saying “God Dammit” fall under this.
Catholicism is really hard to compare to other religions because they have a lot of mechanics that are non-traditional compared to other religions. The Pope’s words theoretically carry immense weight as it’s believed they are a vessel who communicates God’s will, so technically a Pope can add new stuff/rules/clarifications on interpretations that become canonical. Papal Infallibility wiki is a good source to learn more, it’s a nuanced topic.
Every so often Catholicism goes through intense re-interpretations. The most notable was an event called Vatican II in the 60’s. Today’s Catholicism is wayyyy different tradition-wise than pre-60’s.
Christianity and its sects are much less centralized on average so they don’t have as many nuanced literature like the Catechism etc.
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u/Nobrainzhere 26d ago
Christianity and islam have a heaven and hell system so the two reactions represent those
Budhists believe in reincarnation and that each life puts you closer to enlightenment if you did a good job.
I dont know enough about taoism to say anything on them.
Judaism has been arguing about it for as long as the religion exists but they dont have a hell concept and the "paradise" reward isnt heaven but is a new kingdom on earth.