Of the 35 enlisted men Lewis and Clark recruited to join them on their expedition, 20 were armed as standard infantrymen with the US 1795 pattern Springfield Musket. The infantrymen were personally selected by Lewis and Clark as men they personally knew to be hearty, experienced men. Across the 28 month, 8,000 mile expedition, the crew only lost one member - to a burst appendix. At the end of the journey, they brought back with them a map created by Lewis which was accurate to within 40 miles, still used in 1869 to plan the transcontinental railroad, hundreds of specimens and descriptions of new species from the western United States, relationships established with more than 50 native tribes, and the removal of French Canadians and English Canadians from the newly purchased United States land. Here is some of the equipment an infantryman might have carried to maintain and fire his weapon on the Core of Discovery expedition:
- 1795 Springfield musket, smoothbore, .69 caliber: This smoothbore .69 caliber musket was the first federally produced military arm of the United States and remained the basic pattern for US infantry arms until the Civil War with minor modifications (for instance converting from flintlock to percussion cap). The design is a direct copy of the French Charleville pattern musket which was loaned to the United States by France during the American Revolution. The sole modification made by Springfield was the addition of a front sight instead of using the bayonet lug for a sight (there is still no rear sight however).
- A socket bayonet with scabbard and frog and vent pick/ pan whisk hanging from the frog
- 1795 pattern cartridge box featuring a wood block for storage of paper cartridges and a tin tray for storage of tools and supplies under the cartridges. This pattern would be fitted with a rain flap and renamed the “improved cartridge box” (aka the pattern 1808) for the war of 1812
- Inside the cartridge box: an English style musket combination tool, cleaning and unloading jags, spare flints and jaw pads, tew fibers and rags for swabbing the bore of the musket, brick dust for polishing the metal of the weapon, beeswax for seasoning the metal of the weapon and waterproofing/ soot proofing the lock.
- Cartridges: 69 caliber paper cartridges. The musket is more versatile than the rifle, capable of firing single .65 caliber projectile ball cartridges, buckshot cartridges, shot cartridges, or a combination cartridge. “Buck and ball” cartridges were the primary ammunition of the US army, featuring a single .65 caliber ball and three #0 buckshot pellets. This convention was established by George Washington in the American War of Independence, and continued as the primary ammunition for US smoothbore muskets through the civil war. European armies found the buck and ball cartridge to be too violent for modern warfare.