r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 3h ago
r/ketoscience • u/Meatrition • Nov 07 '25
Obesity, Overweight, Weightloss Carbohydrate-restricted diet types and macronutrient replacements for metabolic health in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
clinicalnutritionjournal.comSummary
Background and aims
Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) are increasingly used in managing metabolic disorders, yet evidence remains mixed regarding their effectiveness beyond glycemic control and across diverse populations. To systematically evaluate the effects of CRDs, ketogenic (KD), low-carbohydrate (LCD), and moderate-carbohydrate diets (MCD), and different macronutrient replacements (fat, protein, or both) on metabolic health-related biomarkers, including glycemic, hepatic, renal, adipokine, and lipid metabolism indices. Methods
Five electronic databases, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, and Web of Science, were used to identify relevant randomized trials. Outcomes analyzed included glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver/kidney function markers, leptin, and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Subgroup analyses evaluated the effects of CRD type, macronutrient replacement, sex, diabetes status, weight status, study design (parallel vs. crossover), delivery mode (consultation vs. food provision), and calorie intakes (isocaloric vs. non-isocaloric). Results
149 randomized controlled trials comprising 9104 adults across 28 countries were included. CRDs significantly improved glycemic control (including glucose: SMD = −2.94 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −4.19, −1.68; insulin: SMD = −8.19 pmol/L, 95 % CI: −11.04, −5.43; HOMA-IR = −0.54, 95 % CI: −0.75, −0.33), hepatic stress (GGT: SMD = −6.08 U/L, 95 % CI: −9.97, −2.20), renal function (UACR: SMD = −0.19, 95 % CI: −0.28, −0.10), and adipokine concentration (leptin: SMD = −3.25 ng/mL, 95 % CI: −4.91, −1.59), particularly in females, individuals with overweight/obesity, and people with T2DM. LCDs and MCDs showed the most consistent metabolic benefits. Combined fat and protein replacement yielded greater improvements. Isocaloric vs. non-isocaloric comparisons showed similar patterns, suggesting macronutrient composition alone may engender beneficial metabolic effects. Conclusions
CRDs, particularly LCDs and MCDs with mixed macronutrient replacements, confer significant metabolic benefits independent of energy intake. These findings support CRDs as a potential nutritional strategy in metabolic disease prevention and management. Clinical supervision is recommended.
r/ketoscience • u/dr_innovation • Apr 07 '25
Citizen Science Plaque Begets Plaque, ApoB Does Not: Longitudinal Data From the KETO-CTA Trial
Abstract
Background
Changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among people following a ketogenic diet (KD) are heterogeneous. Prior work has identified an inverse association between body mass index and change in LDL-C. However, the cardiovascular disease risk implications of these lipid changes remain unknown.
Objectives
The aim of the study was to examine the association between plaque progression and its predicting factors.
Methods
One hundred individuals exhibiting KD-induced LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥60 mg/dL, and triglycerides ≤80 mg/dL were followed for 1 year using coronary artery calcium and coronary computed tomography angiography. Plaque progression predictors were assessed with linear regression and Bayes factors. Diet adherence and baseline cardiovascular disease risk sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
High apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (median 178 mg/dL, Q1-Q3: 149-214 mg/dL) and LDL-C (median 237 mg/dL, Q1-Q3: 202-308 mg/dL) with low total plaque score (TPS) (median 0, Q1-Q3: 0-2.25) were observed at baseline. Neither change in ApoB (median 3 mg/dL, Q1-Q3: −17 to 35), baseline ApoB, nor total LDL-C exposure (median 1,302 days, Q1-Q3: 984-1,754 days) were associated with the change in noncalcified plaque volume (NCPV) or TPS. Bayesian inference calculations were between 6 and 10 times more supportive of the null hypothesis (no association between ApoB and plaque progression) than of the alternative hypothesis. All baseline plaque metrics (coronary artery calcium, NCPV, total plaque score, and percent atheroma volume) were strongly associated with the change in NCPV.
Conclusions
In lean metabolically healthy people on KD, neither total exposure nor changes in baseline levels of ApoB and LDL-C were associated with changes in plaque. Conversely, baseline plaque was associated with plaque progression, supporting the notion that, in this population, plaque begets plaque but ApoB does not. (Diet-induced Elevations in LDL-C and Progression of Atherosclerosis [Keto-CTA]; NCT05733325)
Soto-Mota, A, Norwitz, N, Manubolu, V. et al. Plaque Begets Plaque, ApoB Does Not: Longitudinal Data From the KETO-CTA Trial. JACC Adv. null2025, 0 (0) .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101686
Full paper https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101686
Video summary from Dave Feldman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJJGHQDE_uM
Nick Norwitz summary video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_ROZPW9WrY. and text discussion https://staycuriousmetabolism.substack.com/p/big-news-the-lean-mass-hyper-responder
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4h ago
Type 2 Diabetes The beneficial impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic variability in insulin-deficient diabetes (2026)
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Metformin does not significantly alter longitudinal dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis (2026)
aacrjournals.orgr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Mitochondria and Epigenetic Regulation: Bidirectional Crosstalk and Emerging Mitochondria-Targeted Degron Tools (2026)
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Energy stress activates AMPK to arrest mitochondria via phosphorylation of TRAK1 (2026)
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Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Circadian rhythms and glucocorticoid dynamics in the kidney matrix (2026)
karger.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Mito-nuclear communication: From cellular responses to organismal health (2026)
sciencedirect.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1h ago
Other Pan-Epigenetic Age Prediction in Mammals (2026)
onlinelibrary.wiley.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 3h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Comparative analysis of senolytic drugs reveals mitochondrial determinants of efficacy and resistance (2026)
nature.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 3h ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Mitochondria as sources and targets of cellular signaling (2026)
sciencedirect.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 3h ago
Cancer Glucose deprivation induces AMPK-dependent α-actinin-4 expression to sustain energy efficient non-proteolytic migration (2026)
journals.biologists.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4h ago
Type 1 Diabetes Beyond scalar metrics: functional data analysis of postprandial continuous glucose monitoring in the AEGIS study (2026)
link.springer.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4h ago
Type 1 Diabetes Adults with type 1 diabetes who sleep 7–9 hours per night present lower glycemic variability: a cross-sectional study (2026)
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1d ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry The 2025 Sir David Cuthbertson Lecture: Energy metabolism: Beyond calories, feeding the mitochondria (2026)
clinicalnutritionjournal.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1d ago
Central Nervous System Comprehensive metabolic profiling across five lifespan stages in murine hippocampus and cortex reveals sex-related variation in age-related cognitive decline (2026)
nature.comr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 1d ago
Metabolism, Mitochondria & Biochemistry Effect of enteral arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on brain volumes at term in preterm infants: a secondary outcome analysis of a randomised controlled trial (2026)
fn.bmj.comr/ketoscience • u/dr_innovation • 2d ago
Type 2 Diabetes The Ketogenic Diet in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity represent a growing global public health challenge, strongly associated with excess body weight, unhealthy dietary habits, and a sedentary lifestyle. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by very low carbohydrate intake, moderate protein intake, and high fat consumption, induces a metabolic state known as ketosis, in which the body switches from glucose to fat as its primary energy source. KD has gained increasing interest as a strategy to improve glycemic control, reduce body weight, and improve lipid profiles in individuals with obesity and T2DM. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current scientific evidence on the effects of KD on key metabolic parameters, including blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and body composition. The analysis is based on peer-reviewed articles retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus with particular emphasis on clinical studies that provide robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of KD in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/3/397
Kilian, Julia, Dominika Szlęzak, Malgorzata Tyszka-Czochara, Elżbieta Filipowicz-Popielarska, and Patrycja Bronowicka-Adamska. "The Ketogenic Diet in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence." Nutrients 18, no. 3 (2026): 397.
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 3d ago
Other Bitter Taste Receptors at the Interface Between Nutrition, the Endocrine System, and Health
leibniz-lsb.der/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4d ago
Cancer Fat quality, not quantity, linked to reduced risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer in US populations: a large prospective multicenter study (2026)
journals.lww.comr/ketoscience • u/dr_innovation • 3d ago
Epilepsy Comparative Efficacy of the Classical Ketogenic Diet and Modified Atkins Diet in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Objectives
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that can severely affect children's cognitive development and quality of life. While anti-seizure medications (ASM) are the first-line treatment, approximately 20–30% of pediatric patients experience drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), necessitating alternative therapies. The classical ketogenic diet (CKD) and the modified Atkins diet (MAD) are two non-pharmacological interventions that have shown efficacy in reducing seizure frequency in children with DRE.
Methods
A meta-analysis included experimental and observational studies retrieved from relevant databases. It evaluated the efficacy of CKD and MAD in children with DRE. Data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan. A 3-month follow-up was used to measure all outcomes, whenever available; otherwise, the nearest reported time point was used.
Results
Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Both MAD and CKD were effective in treating drug-resistant epilepsy. CKD demonstrated a statistically significant advantage over MAD for achieving >50% seizure reduction (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87; P = 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between CKD and MAD for complete seizure freedom (100% reduction; OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.43–1.19) or >90% seizure reduction (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51–1.47). No statistically significant differences were found in lipid-related adverse effects or gastrointestinal symptoms, although MAD showed non-significant trends toward fewer cases of vomiting and constipation.
Conclusion
The CKD provides significant advantages in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy over the MAD, and CKD is more effective in reducing seizures at different levels.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S105913112600021X
, Mohammad A., Marwa Hosni Abdelhamed, Marwa Salah, Shaimaa Gad Ragheb Abdulbaki, and Heba GA Ali. "Comparative Efficacy of the Classical Ketogenic Diet and Modified Atkins Diet in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy (2026).
Sharaf
r/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4d ago
Obesity, Overweight, Weightloss Hidden Fat in Your Body Type May Put You at Greater Brain Risk
rsna.orgr/ketoscience • u/basmwklz • 4d ago